What Is Arthritis?
Written By: Dr Evan Steinke, Bkin, DC
Arthritis is often talked about when we discuss joint pain and stiffness but there are so many different kinds that it becomes overwhelming to know what it is and if it applies to you. The word arthritis comes from, “arthro” meaning joint, and “itis” meaning inflammation, so in the most broad sense arthritis is inflammation of joints. The inflammation of these joints leads to a host of symptoms including pain, stiffness and swelling and may range from mild to severe in intensity. While anyone can develop arthritis, including children, it is most common in older adults.
There are many different types of arthritis but two of the most common forms are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While they both affect the joints, they’re quite different in terms of cause, progression, and treatment.
Osteoarthritis (OA):
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and usually develops slowly over time, nicknamed the “wear and tear” arthritis. OA occurs overtime when the cartilage in joints breaks down and no longer supplies a cushion between the two bony surfaces of a joint. Without that buffer, bones can rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced motion. It is important to note that OA is due to the mechanical wearing down of a joint over time. The body has limited ability to restore these joint surfaces and treatment provided often looks to minimize progression and strengthen affected areas. Treatment could include active release technique on surrounding muscles, chiropractic manipulation of the affected joint, and joint rehabilitation and strengthening.
Key Features of OA:
- Cause: Aging, repetitive stress, joint injury, or obesity.
- Who’s affected: More common in older adults
- Symptoms: Joint stiffness and pain (especially in the morning or after inactivity), and reduced flexibility. Stiffness and/or pain tends to lessen with activity.
- Commonly affected joints: Knees, hips, hands, and spine.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
Rheumatoid arthritis is not due to mechanical wearing down of the joint but rather is when your own immune system attacks the joint. The exact reason for why the immune system begins to attack your own joints is not fully understood. However, once the immune system begins to attack the joints it causes damage which in turn leads to swelling, pain, and stiffness. In general RA tends to attack the joints symmetrically, meaning you may see it in both hands, both knees, etc. Additionally, RA can affect more than joints including your skin, eyes, lung, heart and other organs. Treatment for this form of arthritis will often include being referred to your family physician for medications that target the inflammation and immune system to limit further damage to the joints. Physical therapies may also show benefits depending on the severity and progression of the arthritis. If you are unsure of where to start, checking in with your chiropractor will help get you the correct diagnosis and any referrals that may be necessary.
Key Features of RA:
- Cause: Involves immune system dysfunction. Genetics factors are involved.
- Who’s affected: Often begins between ages 25 and 50; more common in women.
- Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, fatigue, and even fever.
- Commonly affected joints: Often symmetrical—both wrists, both knees, etc.
- Treatment: Includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, corticosteroids, and physical therapy.
Conclusion
Arthritis can affect people in many different ways, and understanding the type you are dealing with is key to finding the right treatment approach. Whether it's the wear and tear of osteoarthritis or the immune system involvement of rheumatoid arthritis, getting the right diagnosis and care early on can make a big difference in your long-term joint health and quality of life.
If you're experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or simply have questions about your joint health, our Unified Team of Experts are to help. You can find Dr. Steinke at AST Westman — contact the clinic today to book your appointment and start your journey toward feeling your best.